Arizona Court Limits Firearm Restrictions in Protective Order Cases

In June 2025, the Arizona Court of Appeals clarified how and when courts may restrict firearm rights in cases involving orders of protection. The opinion, issued in a Maricopa County appeal, reinforced that Arizona courts must base firearm prohibitions on specific evidence of a credible threat. This ruling is important for anyone accused in a criminal case where a protective order may be in place, especially when that order overlaps with domestic violence allegations.

If you are facing criminal charges in Arizona and a protection order has been filed against you, the restrictions imposed can have lasting consequences. Limits on firearms, contact, and movement may occur before any trial or conviction. Understanding your rights under Arizona law is the first step in protecting your freedom.

Court of Appeals Reins In Firearm Bans Without Credible Threat Finding

The case involved an individual who challenged a protective order that included a provision restricting firearm possession. The trial court upheld most of the order, but the appeals court found that the firearm ban lacked support. Specifically, the lower court failed to make a clear finding that the accused posed a credible threat, which is required under Arizona Revised Statutes section 13-3602.

Arizona law allows courts to issue protective orders that include firearm bans, provided certain conditions are met. The judge must consider whether the accused has access to firearms, has used or threatened to use them in the past, or presents a current risk. In this case, the court had not made such findings, nor did the record include evidence that would support that conclusion. The appellate court vacated the firearm restriction, leaving the rest of the protective order in place.

How Protective Orders Can Affect Criminal Cases in Arizona

Protective orders often arise in connection with domestic violence charges, stalking allegations, or harassment complaints. These orders can be requested in civil court, but they may overlap with or influence criminal proceedings. In many cases, the person who is accused is not present when the order is initially granted. This can lead to restrictions being imposed without a full hearing.

When a protective order includes a firearm ban, the accused may be required to surrender all guns immediately, even before a court hears their side of the story. This can complicate pending criminal cases, particularly if the state seeks to use the existence of the order as evidence of future dangerousness or noncompliance with the order. These issues often become part of pretrial negotiations, bail conditions, and sentencing discussions.

This recent ruling sends a clear message to trial courts. Protective orders cannot include firearm restrictions unless the legal requirements are met and documented. Courts must evaluate the facts, not make assumptions based on the type of case. For criminal defense attorneys in Arizona, this opinion provides a tool to challenge overbroad restrictions imposed without proper findings.

Why Early Representation Is Critical in Protection Order and Criminal Defense Cases

If you are served with a protective order in Arizona, you must act quickly. You typically have just a few days to request a hearing and contest the order. If you ignore it or do not respond, the order may remain in place for a year or more. Even if you are never charged with a crime, the existence of a protection order may still impact your employment, ability to travel, or access to your children.

For those facing both criminal charges and a protective order, the consequences can escalate quickly. Judges may consider any alleged violation of the order as grounds to increase bail, impose harsher conditions, or modify release terms. A skilled criminal defense lawyer can intervene early to challenge improper findings and limit the use of protective orders to justify additional penalties.

In firearm-related matters, the stakes are even higher. Losing access to firearms without a hearing or factual basis can affect professional licenses, military service, and personal security. Arizona law does not allow firearm restrictions in protection orders unless specific criteria are met. Your lawyer can request a hearing, gather evidence, and argue that any restrictions imposed without the required findings must be lifted.

Call a Criminal Defense Attorney in Arizona to Protect Your Rights

Protective orders are often entered quickly, but their effects can be long-lasting. If you have been accused in a case that includes a protective order with firearm restrictions, do not wait until your rights are permanently affected. You have the right to challenge the order, request a hearing, and demand that the court follow Arizona law.

At The Law Office of James E. Novak, we help clients across Maricopa County defend against protective orders and related criminal charges.  Call (480) 413-1499 to schedule your free consultation. You can also contact us through our website to learn how we can help you respond effectively and protect your future.